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}} Billy Osceola, (4 July, 1920 - 1 August, 1974) having become an ordained minister, was extremely influential in shifting the Seminole Tribe of Florida from traditional spiritual practices to the Baptist faith.〔 He was the first elected Chief (position was later called Chairman) of the tribe after their 1957 reorganization.〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.semtribe.com/History/TimelineText.aspx )〕 ==Early Life== Billy Osceola was born 4 July, 1920〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=https://familysearch.org/ark:/61903/1:1:J2NT-X27 )〕〔(【引用サイトリンク】url=http://www.ancientfaces.com/person/billy-osceola/43545844 )〕 in the Everglades to Jimmy and Nancy Osceola. He grew up in the area that would become the Brighton Reservation. His mother died soon after he was born and his father returned to his clan who lived near Big Cypress, but the children remained in Brighton with their grandmother. Billy's native tongue was the Muscogee language (though his father spoke Mikasuki) and Billy did not learn to speak English until he started school in 1938 at the age of 18.〔 Homes were not permanent, but rather camps of chickees. The chickee was an open-sided structure with corner support posts of cypress or palm logs, to which was secured a sleeping platform with a thatched roof of palmetto fronds. These chickee camps were arranged according to matrilineal clans and multiple living units surrounded a shared central cooking chickee. Well suited to climate, they could be moved in hunting or farming seasons. As Osceola described his youth, sometimes they lived in a temporary camp in Indiantown, sometimes in Brighton, and only occasionally with his father on Big Cypress where his father raised corn, sweet potatoes and a lot of pumpkin.〔 Osceola's first job was working with the Civilian Conservation Corps clearing farmland around Brighton and putting up fences. After they cleared the farmland, the Indians working with the CCC then went on to build roads.〔Interview (1972), p10-12〕 After he married, because his wife was from Big Cypress, Billy worked on roads in that area. In 1943, a young pastor, Stanley Smith, arrived on the Dania (now Hollywood) Reservation to assist the Southern Baptist Church leadership. Smith was dynamic and inspired many local Seminole to join the congregation.〔 One of those young converts was Billy Osceola, who joined the church in 1945 and through the assistance of Smith, was able to obtain a scholarship to go to bible college.〔 On 29 September, 1946, a group of five Seminole youths, Josie Billie, Junior Buster, Barfield Johns, Billy Osceola, and Sam Tommie began attending the Florida Bible Institute in Lakeland, Florida and returned as ministers causing a fracture in the church. Osceola's cousin, Bill Osceola became ordained as a deacon in 1945 and became a lay minister in 1950. When Smith's group split from the Southern Baptists, Bill established the Mekusukey Independent Baptist Church in Hollywood, Billy however, established a congregation in 1952〔 on the edge of the Brighton Reservation〔Kersey (1996), p 64〕 and began his work as a full gospel ordained minister.〔 Bill and Billy often shared pastoral duties, though they were from different Baptist organizations and both Independent and Southern Baptists had congregations on all three Seminole reservations -- Dania, Big Cypress and Brighton.〔Kersey (1996), p 64〕 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Billy Osceola」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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